Pubic symphysis pain: what it is and how to find relief
Struggling with pelvic pain, groin discomfort, or a clicking or grinding in the front of your pelvic area while walking? You may be experiencing pubic symphysis dysfunction, a condition that occurs when the pubic symphysis — a stiff, fibrocartilaginous joint in the pelvis — becomes inflamed, misaligned, or overly mobile, leading to pain and limited mobility.
Many people with a public symphysis disorder report pain and discomfort during weight-bearing activities —simple movements like walking, climbing stairs, getting in or out of a car, or even turning over in bed.
The good news? Physical therapy can help. Whether your dysfunction stems from pregnancy, a sports injury or other musculoskeletal impairment, targeted treatment can relieve symptoms and restore function. Keep reading to learn more about pubic symphysis disorders, symptoms, and the best ways to treat them.
Understanding pubic symphysis disorders: causes, symptoms, and treatment
The Pubic Symphysis joint is a fibrocartilaginous joint. This type of joint contains fibrocartilage, a tough, flexible connective tissue that provides strength, shock absorption, and slight movement. These joints are designed to offer stability and limit motion while withstanding compressive forces.
The pubic symphysis joint connects the left and right sides of the pelvis. Normally, it moves about 2 mm, allowing for slight flexibility while maintaining pelvic stability and distributing weight evenly. However, when it moves too much or too little, it can lead to dysfunction, causing pain and mobility issues — especially during activities like walking, running, or lateral movements..
Sometimes, we see pubic symphysis dysfunction with pregnancy or early postpartum. This is usually because the ligaments and structures in the pelvis are undergoing constant stretch and more pressure than the pelvis is used to. Child birth can exacerbate this, but also, after a pregnant woman has given birth, the pain goes away because there is no longer that excessive pressure on the pelvis.
Whether you’re an athlete, an expecting mother, or someone experiencing unexplained pelvic pain, understanding pubic symphysis disorders is the first step toward effective treatment.
What are pubic symphysis disorders?
There are a few pubic symphysis disorders that can be categorized into one of the following diagnoses:
- Symphysis Pubis Dysfunction (SPD): Often occurring during pregnancy, SPD results from misalignment or excessive movement of the pubic symphysis. It causes pain in the pelvis, groin, and lower abdomen, especially with activities like walking or climbing stairs.
- Pubic Symphysis Diastasis: This occurs when the pubic symphysis widens excessively, often after childbirth or trauma. It causes pelvic instability, pain, and difficulty walking.
- Osteitis Pubis: A highly painful condition of the pubic symphysis, often caused by inflammation. Inflammation can come from repetitive stress, pregnancy, surgery, or in rare cases, infection. Symptoms are similar to other pubic symphysis conditions, but on a more elevated level and for a longer period of time.
Causes and risk factors of pubic symphysis disorders
Several factors can contribute to pubic symphysis disorders, including:
- Hormonal Changes: Increased relaxin levels during pregnancy can lead to joints having excessive movement.
- Muscle Imbalances: Weakness or tightness in the surrounding muscles can contribute to instability.
- Overuse and Repetitive Motion: Activities such as running, jumping, and sudden directional changes that put stress on the joint.
- Trauma or Injury: Direct impact or strain can lead to misalignment and pain.
Recognizing the symptoms of pubic symphysis disorders
Symptoms of pubic symphysis disorders vary based on severity and cause but commonly include:
- Pelvic pain that worsens with movement
- Difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or rolling in bed
- Radiating pain to the thighs or lower back
- Clicking or grinding sensations in the pelvis
Treatment options for pubic symphysis disorders
Effective management of pubic symphysis disorders involves a combination of medical treatment, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.
- Physical Therapy
Physical therapy is a cornerstone of treatment, focusing on:
- Pelvic stabilization exercises to improve strength and support.
- Manual therapy techniques to realign the pelvis and relieve tension.
- Stretching and strengthening routines for core and pelvic floor muscles.
- Postural education to minimize strain on the pubic symphysis.
- Pain Management
- Ice and heat therapy to reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort.
- Medications such as anti-inflammatories, if recommended by a healthcare provider.
- Supportive braces or belts to provide stability during movement.
- Activity Modification
- Avoid high-impact activities and sudden movements that exacerbate symptoms.
- Use a pillow between the knees while sleeping for better alignment.
- When trying to move in bed or get in/out of the car try keeping your legs together to limit the potential for excessive motion at the pubic symphysis.
When to seek professional help for pelvic pain
If you’re experiencing persistent pelvic pain that interferes with daily activities, consulting a physical therapist or healthcare provider is essential. Early intervention can prevent worsening symptoms and improve overall pelvic function.
Pelvic Health Resources
For more guidance on core strength and pelvic health, explore these resources:
- What Muscles Make Up Your Inner Core and Why Do They Matter?
- Pregnancy / Postpartum and the Pelvic Floor
- How Can Pelvic Floor Physical Therapy Help Me?
Pubic symphysis disorders can be painful and disruptive, but with the right approach, recovery is possible. Physical therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and professional guidance play a key role in managing symptoms and improving function. If you or someone you know is struggling with pelvic pain, don’t hesitate to seek help.
Looking for a physical therapist? Find a clinic near you to start your journey to pain relief: Schedule an Appointment.
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